答一发心理学机制吧,错失恐惧。
错失恐惧是人们因担心错失他人的新奇经历等而产生的一种广泛性焦虑。人们持续参加社交活动或查看社交媒体等是错失恐惧的外在行为表现,强烈期待知晓他人所做之事是错失恐惧的内在认知体验。也就是说,我们平时总是生怕错过每一场朋友圈刷屏活动、明明知道99+的群聊消息没有营养也要点开查看、早起第一件事就是刷票圈等行为都是错失恐惧的体现。
那么,为什么会有错失恐惧?
研究表明,人格特质和心理需要等都是错失恐惧的重要预测因素。
有实验发现,印尼大学生大五人格中的“外向性”和“宜人性”特质越突出,就越容易产生错失恐惧;而“神经质”特性越明显,就越不容易产生错失恐惧。尽管实验结果可能一定程度上被文化背景影响,但整体上仍可以认为好社交、外向、热情的人更容易产生错失恐惧。
每个人都有一些基本的心理需要,分别是自主需要(自己决定做什么)、胜任需要(在某个位置上感到很被需要)和关系需要(感到自己有良好的人际关系)。当这些需要不能被满足时,人们就会出现一些问题。当基本需要没能被满足而导致生活满意度较低、积极情绪较少时,错失恐惧就更加容易产生。当人们归属感或受欢迎的需要没有被满足时,也会更多产生错失恐惧。
相比非社交媒体使用者,社交媒体使用者拥有更高水平的错失恐惧概率。同时,越常使用社交媒体,错失恐惧就越容易产生。此外,人们的社交媒体使用受限也与错失恐惧密切相关。例如,当你不能保证随时刷新票圈,或是离开通讯工具(失联)达到一定时间时,就会变得十分焦虑。
此外,研究者认为年龄与错失恐惧也存在联系。针对成人样本的研究发现,年轻人,尤其是年轻男性往往拥有更高水平的错失恐惧。另外,针对5-12年级的青少年的研究发现,青少年年级越高,错失恐惧水平越低
错失恐惧对我们的影响
研究发现,错失恐惧对社交媒体使用等个体行为具有重要影响。
- 由于错失恐惧水平高的个体更加需要利用外在途经来满足自己的基本需要,因此就更可能产生社交媒体成瘾。社交媒体使用是一种可用于获取基本心理需要满足的重要方式。它可以用于构建和维系社会关系,因此可以满足人们的关系需要;在使用社交媒体的过程中,一些经历还可以让人们认为自己有能力完成某种特定活动或任务,从而满足他们的胜任需要。
- 错失恐惧从本质上说是一种情绪问题,因此很容易影响人们的压力感知。研究者发现,当让实验参与者想象自己无法正常使用社交网络(引发错失恐惧)时,参与者们会报告自己体验到了更高的压力感。还有研究者发现,当人们没有随身携带手机时,也会体会到更多压力。更有针对青少年的研究表明,当他们感到在社交网站上不受欢迎时,就会感到更有压力。例如,当你发现你被塑料好友屏蔽,或是难得发条票圈却迟迟没人点赞评论时,就会感到十分头秃疼。
- 线上易感性是指人们身心健康及个人声誉容易受线上活动影响的程度。错失恐惧会使得我们的线上易感性大大提高,久而久之,我们就会变成容易受伤的男/女人。
- 错失恐惧是抑郁等消极情绪的一大来源。针对各类群体的大量研究表明,错失恐惧水平越高,人们感到的幸福感和自尊感也越低,而抑郁水平却会越高。
错失恐惧正变得越来越普遍,身边完全不受其影响的人已经是稀有品种了。但为了能多(保住一些头发)保持快乐心情,我们也可以采取一些措施来减少错失恐惧对我们的消极影响。例如,可以尝试通过在app上种花种树来刻意减少自己玩手机的时间,可以和身边的人一起互相监督少玩手机共同进步,还可以尝试上课或者工作的时候不带手机(然后寂寞地痛哭)等等。
相关原文:没刷手机的一天过去,我可能又错过了一个亿 | 错失恐惧
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